The Opening Chapter of Enduring Love by Ian McEwan Essay -- Enduring L

The Opening Chapter of Enduring Love by Ian McEwanA dictionary defines the word addictive as being wholly employ to something, a slave to another and in a state of wanting more. Ian McEwan claimed that he wanted to write an opening chapter that had the same effect as a highly addictive drug. In my opinion he has achieved in doing this. At the end of chapter one the reader is left needing more information about the characters introduced and what catastrophe actually occurred. McEwan took the definition, addictive, and wrote the opening chapter, never forgetting what his objective was.The opening chapter has to be effective in order to keep the reader interested and to keep them reading. The style of the author and novel also need to be established and tailored to suit the tastes of anyone that decides to read this novel.McEwan uses many factors that all tot up towards the effectiveness of the opening chapter. A covey of suspense and tension is use right from the start of the nove l, in the first line, The beginning is simple to mark, which makes you question, the beginning of what exactly? This is a short sentence that is used which draws you in and leaves you wanting to know more. McEwan also creates a serve up of tension, partly protected from a strong, gusty wind, which describes the wind as being an unpredictable, natural might which together conveys a sense of urgency.The narrator also starts to withhold vital information from the reader to create anxiety from within. The encounter that would unhinge us was proceeding away, the narrator is building up the tension that leads to this huge disaster, but doesnt adept say what is install for him and the other characters. He also hints that the disaster is demeanor changing, This was the last time that I understood anything clearly at all. The narrator then goes on to describe the atmosphere and events just before the disaster reached them, I heard what was coming two seconds before it reached us. Which i s an innuendo, which McEwan uses a lot throughout this first chapter. The narrator then goes on to describe the wind that day victimization verbs to describe the strength of it, transversing and hurtling, but before the narrator goes any further he says Let me freeze the frame, which is media terminology, which too is used quite a lot through this opening chapter. McEwan uses this techniq... ...t it is ruthless and is used to increase the sense of danger, Met Office figures. . . . . . it was said of 70 miles per hour. The wind threatens the characters, leaving the reader knowing that disaster is just around the corner. The idea of a catastrophe is always present throughout the opening chapter. It is used to create excitement in the reader and to fuel the inclination of needing more information, At the inquest at this point, the reader is left to deal with the fact that, obviously someone died, but it is not yet revealed who - the boy in the ring or Logan. Also, the fact that what breatheed is life changing, It was time when other outcomes were still possible. The narrator even says they Were running towards a catastrophe.All the points I have considered, all contribute towards creating a stimulating and addictive opening chapter. The main stimulant being, the need for more information. Where the narrator deliberately gives you a hint as to what may happen next, he then takes it away from you, making you want the information more - therefor he has created an addiction. The cause of it, being the first chapter, the only way to bring round it, is to finish the novel

The Meaning of Smoke :: Smoke Essays

The Meaning of Smoke   Sometimes people feel that things are better left unsaid. Such is the font in Chris Avellones, smoke, which tells the story of two friends who have a good relationship until one speaks the truth that both had been hiding. The smoke in the essay can be looked at as a veil that is concealing the true feelings of the two characters. The setting, which is in a smoke filled bar, can be looked at as a secret hide away that the two friends go to. It is when Kyle starts to bring what is sincerely going on that the conflict starts.   When the story starts, the two friends are at a bar playing darts and drinking beer. When Kyle start smoking a cigarette it is then that Dave starts to open up and let the audience go that the two friends have not seen each other in a while. He also starts to describe his friend physically paying special attending to his eyes. Throughout the story Kyle is very vague when answering Daves questions about his new relationship. Fi nally he asks his friend if his girl knows about what was going on among the two of them. Dave tries a first to shrug the conversation off but it is at this drive that smoke the cigarette is giving off is starting to beat sense. Smoke curled from his nostrils out onto the table, like some kinda dragon (Avellone, 3). Throughout the entire story the smoke seemed to make Dave feel more comfortable. It seemed as if the presence of the smoke made him telling the story and him even being around Kyle okay. With the smoke curling from his friends nose the reader is able to get a picture that the smoke is starting to clear. It is only when the smoke seems to be clearing in his eyes, revealing both his and Kyles true feelings that he started to get uneasy. At this point he attacks his friend and calls him all kinds of vulgar names. He says that he cannot see much because of the smoke and that at that point, Kyle just faded out into the smoke in Shoops (Avellone, 3). We can see here that he knows he has lost his friend to the smoke, which is a representation of his repressed feelings. From his descriptions of Kyle as well as his annoyance at the relationship he is in, the reader knows that Dave is in love with his friend, but the smoke made it all right because no one could really see what was really going on.

Gawains Departure from the Peregrinatio :: Essays Papers

Gawains Departure from the Peregrinatio The journey that Gawain takes from Arthurs court to Bertilaks castle, then to the Green Chapel, and back to Arthurs court understandably fits the pattern of a medieval peregrinatio. Writers of the Middle Ages utilize the peregrinatio or pilgrimage to describe religious progress through a mundane metaphor. The motif is used by Dante in the Divine Comedy (where the narrator, on his journey through life, is diverted from the earthly domain of a function to a pilgrimage through Hell, Purgatory, and Paradise) and Chaucer uses it in the driving force of his pilgrimage from capital of the United Kingdom to Canterbury. Dantes journey to Beatrice and Chaucers from the sinful Tabard Inn to the tomb of St. Thomas Beckett a place where the pilgrims can receive absolution for their sins obviously represent spiritual as well(p) as literal fronts in the traditional peregrinatio. The Gawain-Poet, clearly familiar with the tradition of peregrinatio a s we can see by his use of it in Pearl, uses it here non to demonstrate his heros movement toward spiritual perfection (which was traditionally the aim of the itinerant), but rather to parody the notion of the possibility of such progress. Gawain is purportedly the purest of Arthurs knights, yet his concentration with Christian doctrine and with Mary (both shown in the device on his shield and inhis frequent Christian prayers) is undercut by his more pressing concerns retaining his life and his worldly reputation. In the Gawain-Poet s handling of the peregrinatio motif, Gawain falls short of his reputation as a faultless knight and fails in the goal of his journey. so far as he comes less to embody knightly ideals, he becomes more individual and finally can represent, if anything, only a picture of a solitary confinement human cosmos in a difficult world. In the disjunction between the conventions of the peregrinatio and the actual events of Gawains journey is revealed a sh ift away from the pilgrimage parable towards realism, a movement also discernable (as Sacvan Bercovitch shows1) in the romance elements of the poem. It will be useful here to sketch briefly the traits and various ramifications of the peregrinatio motif in the Middle Ages. though the motif was used literally, it was more often described in moral terms. Every mans life is a journey from birth to death, from the temptations of the world to ones symbolic reward, from a bodily to a spiritual existence, from sin to salvation (or damnation).Gawains Departure from the Peregrinatio Essays PapersGawains Departure from the Peregrinatio The journey that Gawain takes from Arthurs court to Bertilaks castle, then to the Green Chapel, and back to Arthurs court clearly fits the pattern of a medieval peregrinatio. Writers of the Middle Ages used the peregrinatio or pilgrimage to describe spiritual progress through a worldly metaphor. The motif is used by Dante in the Divine Comedy (where t he narrator, on his journey through life, is diverted from the earthly world to a pilgrimage through Hell, Purgatory, and Paradise) and Chaucer uses it in the movement of his pilgrimage from London to Canterbury. Dantes journey to Beatrice and Chaucers from the sinful Tabard Inn to the tomb of St. Thomas Beckett a place where the pilgrims can receive absolution for their sins obviously represent spiritual as well as literal movements in the traditional peregrinatio. The Gawain-Poet, clearly familiar with the tradition of peregrinatio as we can see by his use of it in Pearl, uses it here not to demonstrate his heros movement toward spiritual perfection (which was traditionally the aim of the itinerant), but rather to parody the notion of the possibility of such progress. Gawain is supposedly the purest of Arthurs knights, yet his preoccupation with Christian doctrine and with Mary (both shown in the device on his shield and inhis frequent Christian prayers) is undercut by his more ur gent concerns retaining his life and his worldly reputation. In the Gawain-Poet s handling of the peregrinatio motif, Gawain falls short of his reputation as a faultless knight and fails in the goal of his journey. Yet as he comes less to embody knightly ideals, he becomes more individual and finally can represent, if anything, only a picture of a solitary human being in a difficult world. In the disjunction between the conventions of the peregrinatio and the actual events of Gawains journey is revealed a shift away from the pilgrimage fable towards realism, a movement also discernable (as Sacvan Bercovitch shows1) in the romance elements of the poem. It will be useful here to sketch briefly the traits and various ramifications of the peregrinatio motif in the Middle Ages. Though the motif was used literally, it was more often described in moral terms. Every mans life is a journey from birth to death, from the temptations of the world to ones symbolic reward, from a bodily to a spiritual existence, from sin to salvation (or damnation).

Legal and Ethical Responsibilities. Essay -- Business and Management S

Legal and Ethical Responsibilities.Direct Discrimination - something like putting in the jokeadvertisement women destiny not apply.Indirect Discrimination - saying theres a height limit such(prenominal) as a64. This will limit who can apply for the job.Sex Discrimination Act 1975The Sex Discrimination Act 1975 makes sex discrimination unlawful inemployment, vocational training, education, the provision and sale ofgoods, facilities and services and premises.In employment and vocational training, it is also unlawful todiscriminate against someone on the grounds that a person is unifyor, from December 2005, a civil partner, or on the grounds of genderreassignment.The Sex Discrimination Act prohibits direct and indirectdiscrimination and victimisation. Although not in so far mentioned in the Act, case law has established thatharassment/sexual harassment and discrimination because a woman ispregnant or on maternity absent into account are unlawful.Equal Pay Act 1970The Equal Pay Act 1970 makes it unlawful for employers to discriminatebetween men and women where they are doing the resembling or standardised workwork rated as equivalent or work which is of equal value thoughdifferent in nature. It covers both accept and other basis andconditions such as output and bonus payments, holidays and sickleave. European law has confirmed that the concept of equal payprevents discrimination in relation to redundancy payments, travelconcessions, employers pension contributions and occupational pensionbenefits.The Equal Pay Act applies to pay or benefits provided by the contractof employment. The Sex Discrimination Act covers non-contractualarrangements including benefits such as discretionary access to aworkplace nursery or travel concessions.The Act does not give anyone the right to claim equal pay with aperson of the same sex. In other words, any comparison must be with aperson of the opposite sex.Racial Discrimination travel discrimination occurs when a person is treated less favourably onthe grounds of race, colour, and nationality, ethnic or nationalorigin. It is unlawful to discriminate against any worker on racialgrounds. The Race Relations Act 1976 makes it unlawful to discriminatein recruitment pay (including bonuses and shift premiums) other terms and conditions (e.g. holidays) ac... ...use she works underemployed and heworks full-time is unlikely to be a good defence to an equal payclaim.Parental LeaveYou have the right to take 13 weeks leave in respect of every childborn after 15 December 1999. You must take the leave either sooner thechild reaches his fifth birthday or five years have elapsed followinghis placement for adoption (or before his eighteenth birthday ifearlier) or, in the case of a disabled child, before the childseighteenth birthday. Your employment continues during your leave. Youhave the right to return to your mature job if your leave halt lasted 4weeks or less. If you took longer leave and it is not possible for youto return to your old job, you have the right to return to a similarjob which has the same or better status, terms and conditions as yourprevious job. If you took parental leave immediately after an ordinarymaternity leave, you are entitled to return to your old job. If theparental leave followed an additional maternity and it is notreasonably possible for you then to return to your old job, you havethe right to return to a job with similar or better status, terms andconditions as your old post.

The Different Impacts Diversity Has on an Individual Essay -- Diversit

The Different Impacts Diversity Has on an Individual Diversity refers to the presence of one-on-one human characteristics that make people different from one a nonher (Schermerhorn, Hunt, and Osborn, 2005). Among these individual human characteristics are demographic differences, such as age, gender, sexual-orientation, ablebodiedness, race and ethnicity, and religion. Diversity and demographic differences can impact individual behavior by creating difference, stereotypes and prejudices in the influence place. The differences that impact individual behavior the most are age, gender, sexual-orientation, and race and ethnicity.Age Differences Ages in the workplace can vary from as young as 16 to ages over 60 years old. This vast range of age differences within the workplace can create discrimination, stereotypes and prejudices among individuals. Such stereotypes and prejudices come from the misperception that as people age, their skills, ablebodiedness, and design processin g deteriorates and they are in turn unable to complete their work as effectively and efficiently as their younger counterparts. According to the United States authorities site for equal opportunity, http//www.eeoc.gov/facts/age.html, setting age limits for employment has become common practice among employers. People over the age of 40 years are at the highest risk of age discrimination, but people of all ages can be victims of age discrimination. The government has created several acts, in which age discrimination is unlawful and not tolerated. In 1967, Congress created the Age Discrimination Act (ADEA), protecting individuals over 40 years old against age discrimination. This act protects both employees and job applicants. nether the ADEA, it is unlawful to discriminate against a person because of his/her age, with respect to any term, condition, or privilege of employmentincluding, but not limited to hiring, firing, promotion, layoff, compensation, benefits, job assignments, and training (ADEA, 1967). dickens other acts that protect individuals from age discrimination are the Age Discrimination Act of 1975 (ADA) and Section 188 of the Workforce Investment Act of 1998 (WIA). The ADA protects individuals of all ages from discrimination when applying for programs and actitivities that receive federal financial assistance, and the WIA protects against age discriminatio... ...dments to the Constitution, anti-discrimination acts, and civil rights movements--discrimination still exists. Shirley Chisholm, the first African-American women to win a seat in the United States Congress, once said, In the end antiblack, antifemale, and all forms of discrimination are equivalent to the same thing - antihumanism.ReferencesAmerican Psychological Association. Answers to Your Questions About Sexual Orientation and Homosexuality. Retrieved on April 5, 2005 from http//www.apa.org/pubinfo/answers.htmlwhatis.Fix, Michael E. and Margery Austin food turner (1998) The Role of Tes ting a National Report Card on Discrimination in America. Retrieved on April 5, 2005 from http//www.urban.org/url.cfm?ID=308024.Orfield, Gary and Susan Eaton. 1996. Dismantling Desegregation The Quiet Reversal of browned vs. Board of Education. New York The New Press.Schermerhorn, John R., James G. Hunt and Richard N. Osborn (2003). Organizational Behavior, Chapter 4. New York John Wiley and Sons, Inc.U. S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission. The Age Discrimination in Employment Act of 1967. Retrieved on April 5, 2005 from http//www.eeoc.gov/policy/adea.html.

The Different Impacts Diversity Has on an Individual Essay -- Diversit

The Different Impacts Diversity Has on an Individual Diversity refers to the presence of idiosyncratic human characteristics that make people different from one another (Schermerhorn, Hunt, and Osborn, 2005). Among these individual human characteristics are demographic differences, such as age, gender, sexual-orientation, ablebodiedness, race and ethnicity, and religion. Diversity and demographic differences can impact individual behavior by creating disagreement, stereotypes and prejudices in the discipline place. The differences that impact individual behavior the most are age, gender, sexual-orientation, and race and ethnicity.Age Differences Ages in the workplace can vary from as young as 16 to ages over 60 years old. This vast range of age differences within the workplace can create discrimination, stereotypes and prejudices among individuals. Such stereotypes and prejudices come from the misperception that as people age, their skills, ablebodiedness, and ruling proc essing deteriorates and they are in turn unable to complete their work as effectively and efficiently as their younger counterparts. According to the United States governing site for equal opportunity, http//www.eeoc.gov/facts/age.html, setting age limits for employment has become common practice among employers. People over the age of 40 years are at the highest risk of age discrimination, but people of all ages can be victims of age discrimination. The government has created several acts, in which age discrimination is unlawful and not tolerated. In 1967, Congress created the Age Discrimination Act (ADEA), protecting individuals over 40 years old against age discrimination. This act protects both employees and job applicants. downstairs the ADEA, it is unlawful to discriminate against a person because of his/her age, with respect to any term, condition, or privilege of employmentincluding, but not limited to hiring, firing, promotion, layoff, compensation, benefits, job assignme nts, and training (ADEA, 1967). both other acts that protect individuals from age discrimination are the Age Discrimination Act of 1975 (ADA) and Section 188 of the Workforce Investment Act of 1998 (WIA). The ADA protects individuals of all ages from discrimination when applying for programs and actitivities that receive federal financial assistance, and the WIA protects against age discriminatio... ...dments to the Constitution, anti-discrimination acts, and civil rights movements--discrimination still exists. Shirley Chisholm, the first African-American women to win a seat in the United States Congress, once said, In the end antiblack, antifemale, and all forms of discrimination are equivalent to the same thing - antihumanism.ReferencesAmerican Psychological Association. Answers to Your Questions About Sexual Orientation and Homosexuality. Retrieved on April 5, 2005 from http//www.apa.org/pubinfo/answers.htmlwhatis.Fix, Michael E. and Margery Austin turner (1998) The Role of Te sting a National Report Card on Discrimination in America. Retrieved on April 5, 2005 from http//www.urban.org/url.cfm?ID=308024.Orfield, Gary and Susan Eaton. 1996. Dismantling Desegregation The Quiet Reversal of brown vs. Board of Education. New York The New Press.Schermerhorn, John R., James G. Hunt and Richard N. Osborn (2003). Organizational Behavior, Chapter 4. New York John Wiley and Sons, Inc.U. S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission. The Age Discrimination in Employment Act of 1967. Retrieved on April 5, 2005 from http//www.eeoc.gov/policy/adea.html.

Microeconomics in my Life

The role of microeconomics in e rattling persons life story is enormous therefore, it is actually Copernican to study it. The objects of microeconomics surround us all the time. Microeconomics studies the aspects of functioning of all companies, and we deal with various companies throughout our lives. I shop for food and clothes in descents, go to movie theaters to see popular movies, buy stationary at Home Depot, transfer funds through banks. All of these companies function according to certain laws, which atomic number 18 all studied in microeconomics.My favorite brand of railcar is Toyota, and microeconomics is able to determine what the most efficient hatful of production for the company is. It is able to riposte the managers an answer to the question of what the most efficient combination of their resources should be, i.e., how many employees they should employ, how many materials they should get from suppliers and many other issues.We constantly have to go shopping, an d deal with prices which are established according to supply and demand, cost of production and other factors. Whenever the price of tomatoes in the store goes to the roof, we usually see a note in the store that the crops in Florida turned out not as large as it was predicted or that the hurricanes destroyed all of the crops. Even though the same tomatoes cost one-half the price just a short time ago, we realize that the law of supply and demand has been efficiently applied here.The demand for tomatoes remained the same, but the supply rock-bottom dramatically and thus prices were destined to increase. I also deal with the concept of elasticity all of the time. Companies never make discounts on products the demand for which is inelastic because the volume of sales is going to remain stable anyway. Therefore, there is usually hardly a chance for me to get such products for a beginninger price. However, I am always a ethical shopper when it comes to products with high elasticity b ecause companies decrease their prices on such items from time to time to attract more customers. For example, there is always a chance to buy some clothes on sale.I deal with the concept of utility all of the time in my life as well. round of the products have a high level of utility for me, and I am going to buy them at any price because I am only if unable to live without them. For example, DVDs of my favorite movies are extremely valuable for me, and I am ready to pay any money to be able to see my favorite actor or actress. At the same time, some items have a very low utility for me, and only low price on such items is able to attract me. I am the type of person who always judges products by their utility for me and not by how fashionable they are.Like every person, I am forced to deal with various market forms, such as perfect competition, monopoly, oligopoly, or monopolistic competition. In most cases, I see the market of monopolistic competition because there are very many items with slightly diverse features. The market of the United States has very many companies which call forth similar items but try to attract consumers by unique features and by efficient advertising. For example, there are very many producers of cars in the United States.There are also many multinational companies based in the United States which produce cars, for example, Japanese Toyota, Korean Honda and many others. They all produce cars which have quite similar features. All of these manufacturers come up with various models of cars so that they can attract people who like sports cars, who have children, who need to jaunt in the mountains, or who need fuel-efficient cars. Every manufacturer tries to come up with some unique feature which competitors do not have. To some extent, it is very good for me as a consumer because competitors are fighting for customers and thus they constantly introduce new(a) great deals for us. I am able to fight the model of the car which I wa nt and perhaps even get it at a lower price.I also often deal with oligopolistic competitors. The market of providers of wireless phones is not as large as the car market. There are some major players in it, and I have to choose among the most powerful of them. It was very challenging for me to decide whether to use the services of T-Mobile or Verizon, but I finally made a choice for Verizon. Oligopolistic competitors can be very touchy for analysis because they usually make different steps according to the steps of their competitors.Since there are very few competitors in the market, it is very important for oligopolists to scram their actions in accordance with the actions of the competitors. Oligopolists also often sign various agreements with one another in order to control the market. For example, I often see that when T-Mobile introduces new offers, Verizon follows this company with very similar offers. Since I am a consumer, the knowledge of microeconomics can greatly help me to take a choice in different type of the market.Another concept of microeconomics which I am destined to face is externalities. I often read in newspapers how government does its best to take guard of various kinds of externalities. I know many plants which pollute water and atmosphere, and in my opinion, it is very good that government makes such companies pay higher taxes or base purifying systems in order to eliminate the impact of its pollution.In conclusion, it is necessary to say that microeconomics is one of the disciplines the concepts of which can be seen everywhere. The knowledge of these concepts helps me to make smarter choices in life and understand different phenomena better. All of the consumer decisions are being made on the micro level, and that is why it is very important for every person to have a deep knowledge of microeconomic concepts.Bibliography.Baumol, William J., John Panzar, and Robert Willig. Contestable Markets and the Theory of Industry Structure, New York Harcourt Brace Jovanovich. 1982. Campbell R. McConnell, Stanley L. Brue. Economics Principles, Problems, and Policies. Eleventh Edition. 1996. Curwen Peter, Else Peter. Principles of Microeconomics. Unwin Hyman. 1990. Cullis, J. G. and Jones, P. R. Microeconomics and the public economy a falsification of Leviathan Oxford Basil Blackwell. 1987.

Of mice and men Essay

Steinbeck presents us with a bleak view of the world where individuals have little hope of achieving their dreams. Discuss the accuracy of this statement with reference to at least(prenominal) three literary techniques. In the novella Of Mice and Men, Steinbeck presents the view of individuals having little opportunity of achieving their dreams cod to the cruel society. Georges dream of owning a ranch with Lennie is unattainable as society does not provide support for the mentally disabled. Curleys wifes dream of becoming an actress is also unachievable because she is a woman in asexist society.Being an African American man in a racist society, Crooks desire of companionship is also unreachable. literary techniques such as foreshadowing, symbolism and mention physique amplify the message in which most individuals are unable to fulfil their dreams and desires. Through the failure of George, Lennie and Curleys wife in achieving their dreams, Steinbeck clearly convinces the reader t don individuals have little hope of achieving their dreams in the harsh world that they live in. Steinbeck presents the view of dreams being unattainable through.Georges failure of achieving his dream of owning a ranch with Lennie using the technique of foreshadowing. Their aspiration is to own a little house and a couple of acres an s a cow and some pigs () and a rabbit hunch and chickens, which would enable them to live off the fatta the land (p. 16). Georges dream was unattained because Lennie had a mental stultification and kept getting them in trouble. They live in a society where there are no benefits and support for people with disabilities, which ultimately caused the failure of Georges dream.The failure of Georges dream was foreshadowed by Crooks telling Lennie about how he has seen hundreds of men come by on the road with the same dream alone nobody gets no land (p. 73). Through the experience of Crooks, it is shown that the failure of George is not uncommon but inste ad is expected. Through George being unable to live the breeding that he had envisioned, Steinbeck clearly conveys the message that individuals are unable to accomplish their dreams due to the harsh society.The idea of individuals having little chance of achieving their dreams isalso apparent in the character of Crooks through the literary technique of symbolism. Crooks desires companionship as he tells Lennie that a guy goes nuts if he aint got nobody (p. 72). The company that Crooks craves so deeply is never received throughout the novella as he couldnt go into the bunk house and play rummy cause he was black, reflecting the disparity he receives due to his race (p. 72).Just like his back, society is crooked. It is bent out of shape, out of alignment with its original created intention (equality). The pain and suffering that Crooksexperiences due to his back symbolises the pain and suffering society Of Mice and Men Stage 1 Text Response endures due to racism. It is the racist so ciety that limits Crooks from obtaining companionship.Steinbeck also uses the books read by Crooks as a symbol to represent his loneliness as he complains to Lennie about books being no good and that he needs somebody to be near him (p. 72). Due to the racist society, Crooks remains lonely, indicating his dream never being met which displays the message of individuals dreams being unreachable.The failure of Curleys wifes dream shows that the chance of an individual reaching their dream is near impossible through the choice of character name. Curleys wife dreams of a better life and ponders about how she coulda been in the movies, an had nice clothes (p. 87). Being a woman in a sexist society causes her to not be able to achieve her dream. After marrying Curley, Curleys wife no longer has the freedom to make somethin of herself as she becomes Curleys possession and is obligated to tend to his needs.Steinbeck does not inform the reader ofher name but instead refers to her as Curleys w ife, symbolising male oppression in 1930s USA. The apostrophe of possession indicates that she belongs to Curley she is his possession just like his horse, his hat and his hand-gun. Curleys wife couldnt achieve her dream because she is a woman in a sexist society, supporting Steinbecks message that individuals have nestling hope of reaching their dream.Georges dream of owning a ranch with Lennie is unattainable as society does not offer support for the mentally disabled. Curleys wifes dream ofbecoming an actress is unachievable because she is a woman in a sexist society.Being an African American man in a racist society, Crooks desire of companionship is also unreachable. Literary techniques such as foreshadowing, symbolism and character name amplify the message in which most individuals are unable to fulfil their dreams and desires. Through the failure of George, Lennie and Curleys wife, Steinbeck clearly convinces the reader that if the thing they had never really believed in was coming truthful, then it is not the end of their story.

Character Analysis: “Everyday Use” Essay

The mother in this story has lived a hard, long life, doing the art of a man, never complaining, just doing the things to survive. Then we have her daughter, Dee, who I picture as never having broken a sweat in her life. As a child she hated her house, her living, her culture. When the fire had burnt down the old house, she just sat there in amazement under an old gum tree, as if she wanted to dance in the ashes. She did all this while her mother was carrying Maggie, with arms burnt so bad they were sticking to her, and whose hair was singed and smoking with the foul stench of burning flesh. Why then, if her heritage means so very much to her, didnt she lift a finger to save any of the house or items in it? Instead she sat under a tree admiring the disaster that was taking place.Like the house, her family was of little importance to her. She was ashamed of their lack of knowledge and seemed very much bothered by the poverty in which she lived. In her mind, to be important was to be worldly. To have riches and style were what mattered, non her family.Its ironic how when she was jr. she could not wait to get out of her lifestyle, but now she claims her culture is important to her. She even goes through the extent of changing her bod since in her mind, Dee was the name given to her by her oppressors when in reality it was the name passed down by her own family. Dee variety shows her name to Wangero Lewaninka Kemanjo, which supposedly goes back to her African roots. The mother passively accepts the change with no argument. She doesnt even say a word when Dee takes the churn top off the butter churner that has milk in it that has already clabbered, and claims it as her own. Dee doesnt even stop to think that its quiesce in use, just that she wants it and thats that.The mothers slowly being nudged and pushed like the cow she doesnt mind Then Dee demands that she be able to take the two quilts that were made by her grandma. When the mother claims that the quilts were promised to her sister Maggie, Dee gets furious, stating that Maggie cant appreciate them. Shell ruin them by using them everyday.Dee is trying to gain a culture that she believes comes from objects like the churner and the quilts. But her idea of culture is something to be hung on a wall, put on display. She has no idea that culture comes from knowing and living the culture. To them it is a way of life to Dee, it is the in thing to do. I feel that the mother finally sees this in Dee and doesnt respect it. So for the first time in the mothers life, the cow was milked the wrong way and had begun to kick. She snatches the quilts out of Dees hands and throws them into the arms of Maggie. furiously stomping out of the house, Dee shouts, You dont understand What? exclaims her mother. Your heritage, Dee responds.The final words Dee says are, Its really a new day for us. But from the way you and mama still act, youd never know it. How is it that she doesnt even realize a simple state ment? She never has and she never will have this culture. Culture is not all art, its not something you turn on and off its life.

Role of Medieval History in Modern Day

A common story plot in modern day films portraying mall Age themes is a damsel in distress being saved by a knight in shining armor. For instance, the popular animated childrens movie, Shrek, follows the story line of Shrek and his partner, Donkey, going off on a journey in order to save a princess imprisoned in a in height(predicate) castle tower and guarded by a fire-breathing dragon. The entire plot setting is based roughly around the same time frame as the actual middle ages, so the elements of medieval culture in this movie argon clear.The guarded castles, mythical creatures, and feudal system enforced between the peasants and royal family are all elements of medieval culture. One major scene that depicts the essence of the essence Ages best is when Shrek leads overlord Farquaad to Fiona as an exchange for guaranteed privacy of Shreks swamp. deuce main aspects of this scene to focus on is the interaction between Lord Farquaad and Shrek and also the use of Princess Fiona as an object of trade for Shreks reward.Traditional ranking of nobles and commoners are rooted within the Middle Ages, and although Shrek acts rather brutish and unpolished in Lord Farquaads presence, there is stillness an act of submission as render by Shreks delivery of Fiona. It was typical of knights in the middle ages to battle a constitutest one another or perform promotes and acts of bravery in order to gain favor in the eyes of a King. Lord Farquaads use of Shrek as a way of obtaining Princess Fiona would then give Shrek an opportunity to gain favor in Lord Farquaads eyes so that his request of gaining back full ownership of his swamp would be granted.Due to the treacherous nature of retrieving Fiona, this would constitute as one of many acts of valor that many knights would par repel in at the time. Princess Fionas part in this scene is as an object of bargaining, as shown when Shrek brings Lord Farquaad to her in order to fulfill his side of the arrangement. It should be no ted that Princess Fionas hand in marriage was necessary for Lord Farquaad to gain full subordination cover a larger jurisdiction and for him to have the title as King bestowed upon him.The use of marriage as a way of combining kingdoms and qualification negotiations derive from medieval culture and also emphasize the importance that the feudal system played during this time. Although Lord Farquaad had enough power to grant or take away land from landowners, such as the fairy tale creatures, the only way for him to become a real king was to unite a princess, which in this case would have been Princess Fiona.Similar situations like this regularly occur in modern popular culture, such as the film The Princess Diaries 2, where Princess Amelia is being urged by the Genovian government to marry someone who holds an official title as a prince in order for her to become a true queen. It has become common knowledge in right aways society that a Princess or Prince cannot hold the title as a Queen or King until they are marriedthis particular liking originating from the Middle Ages.By looking at these examples, one can see how ideals from the Middle Ages carried over into modern day popular culture. In fact, modern day knighting still takes place in the British government and is still based off of recognition of service and contributions to the British nation. The Order of the British Empire is perhaps the near common knighthood given today and is frequently awarded to British scientists, educators, doctors, and even Paul McCartney. This tradition is significant evidence of the carry over of Middle Ages in coetaneous culture.However, one of the many misconceptions of the medieval times is the mis interference and the demeaning of woman as being a prominent thing in society. This is portrayed in the treatment of Princess Fiona as a means for bargaining, and one should note that her objections to being married to Lord Farquaad held little to no weight when it came d own to her fate. Aside from Princess Fiona, the amount of part where women held significant character roles were almost nonexistent and further pushed the stereotype of how medieval women were disregarded in medieval times.On the contrary, women, such as St. Joan of the Arc, held positions of high authority in the time of the Middle Ages and were not treated with as little esteem as modern society thinks today. This kind of thinking encourages the damsel-in-distress scenario where the woman is rendered helpless and waiting for a strong and able man to come and save her. Such depictions associated with medieval society are emphasized over and over until the image of an bungling woman is incorporated into the general consensus of what medieval times were like.The use the medieval times as the setting for Shrek also played along with stereotypical Middle Ages as being a time of ignorant common people that blindly followed the rule of the king with off any question. The overall appear ance that the environment in Shrek gives off is a place that is unorganized and unhygienic, much like what modern society thinks of the middle ages today. Setting Shrek in the Middle Ages effectively played out the stereotypes and general idea of what medieval society means to popular culture.The exaggerated difference of living conditions between peasants and royalty, the disregard of women, the bartering by marriage, and even the uneducated and marshy lifestyles of many commoners exemplify common misconceptions of the Middle Ages that many people in society take as fact. Popular culture, in turn, starts to immediately associate a time of ignorance and uncleanliness as being characteristic of the Middle Ageswhether they are true or not.

How Cleanliness Affects the Life of an Individual Essay

The significance of cleanliness and hygiene cannot be overlooked by every society. Every faith and civilisation stresses the importance of cleanliness. Historically, cleanliness has been considered superstar of the important factors by which to judge a civilisations or societys development. Islam places slap-up emphasis on cleanliness and purity, both physically and spiritually. In Islam, spiritual purity is linked to physical cleanliness and purity.More impor tantly, cleanliness is termed an indispensable fundamental of faith. However, this fundamental and powerful tenet of our faith, unfortunately, is not reflected in our society practically. Serious reflection is required on our individual as salubrious as collective practices in order to realize this valuable principle of Islam part of our lives. There ar many verses in the Holy Quran which reflect the importance of cleanliness. For example, Allah says Truly, Allah loves those who turn to Him constantly and He loves those who harbor themselves pure and clean (2222).In the Quran worship and seeking Allahs love is conditioned with cleanliness and purity as the Holy Book says In it mosque are men who love to clean and to purify themselves. And Allah loves those who make themselves clean and pure (9108). Furthermore, in one of his sayings the Holy Prophet (PBUH) has termed cleanliness as half of faith. The above a few(prenominal) examples from the Holy Quran and sayings of the Holy Prophet circulate that without cleanliness of our body and environment, one cannot receive the proximity of Allah spiritually and most importantly, faith cannot be completed in the absence of cleanliness and purity.Much is said rhetorically slightly cleanliness in our society but practically its application is missing. A quick observation can reveal how insensitive a culture we have developed regarding cleanliness and hygiene. Throwing garbage in the streets, roads or parks has become a common practice in our society. In publ ic places dustbins are seldom found. Even if dustbins are installed, people do not use them priggishly. Rather, they prefer to throw garbage outside them. It is in any case observed that people clean their homes and shops and throw the garbage on the street without considering its implications.It is evident that thus far students of elite schools throw garbage on the ground even in the presence of garbage bins. This shows our attitude towards cleanliness and hygiene. Another habit that is commonly found in our society is spitting openly. People spit paan from running vehicles without considering the pedestrians paseo on the road. This practice not only affects the environment but is also an eyesore. Another area that needs consideration is the horrible condition of public toilets. The paucity of public toilets is a big challenge, hence people are compelled to use open spaces to answer the call of nature.The toilets that do exist are in such pathetic condition that one cannot u se them. There are many other examples which can be cited to indicate the pathetic condition of cleanliness and hygiene in our society. Hence, conscious efforts are needed to tackle this issue. There is a dire need to educate and sensitise people about the importance of cleanliness in blithesome of our faith. In this regard social institutions such as developmental institutions, the media and religious institutions can shoo-in a vital role.It is subjective to provide civic education in order to train the younger generations of a society. In Pakistan, the education system needs to transform its practices. Teaching and learning material regarding cleanliness and hygiene should be included in the curriculum and textbooks. Educational institutions should demonstrate cleanliness in their premises. To train young people schools should involve students in cleaning their schools, homes and environment and highlight proper sanitary practices. The use of dustbins should be strictly follow ed in the school premises.Secondly, the media can be a powerful source to educate and sensitise the masses about the importance of cleanliness and disadvantages of an unhygienic way of life. It should focus on both the good as well as unhygienic practices in our society. Thirdly, religious institutions such as mosques and madressahs can also play their part in educating the people about the importance of cleanliness in the light of Islamic teachings. Furthermore, the role and commitment of the government cannot be overlooked in maintaining cleanliness and hygiene in society.The governments will is very crucial in making policies and implementing them at the grass-roots level. The government can play an important role in cleaning areas, installing dustbins, collecting garbage and enforcing laws against littering etc. The importance of cleanliness cannot be ignored in individual as well as communal life. On one hand it is an important factor for human health and spiritual development on the other hand it is essential for environmental development. By adopting a clean and hygienic lifestyle, a valuable amount can also be saved where health issues are concerned.A clean and healthy life helps in refining the culture of a society and reflects in every aspect of life such as art, architecture, food, symphony and so on. Ultimately, it leads towards a higher level of civilisation. Islam has put unique emphasis on the importance of cleanliness by making it a part of faith. Hence, there is a dire need to make conscious efforts in educating the people about the importance of cleanliness. In this regard, serious steps are required at manifold levels to make this precious value of our faith part of our individual and collective lives.Cleanlinessis both theabstractstate of being clean and free fromdirt, and the process of achieving and maintaining that state. Cleanliness whitethorn be endowed with a moral quality, as indicated by theaphorismcleanliness is next togodliness, 1and may be regarded as contributing to other ideals such ashealthandbeauty. In emphasizing an ongoing procedure or set of habits for the purpose of maintenance and prevention, the concept of cleanliness differs frompuritydisambiguation needed, which is a physical, moral, or ritual state of granting immunity from pollutants.Whereas purity is usually a quality of an individual or substance, cleanliness has a social dimension, or implies a system of interactions. 2Cleanliness, observedJacob Burckhardt, is indispensable to our modern whimsicality of social perfection. 3A household or workplace may be said to exhibit cleanliness, but not ordinarily purity cleanliness also would be a characteristic of the people who maintain cleanness or prevent dirtying.On a practical level, cleanliness is thus related tohygieneand disease prevention. Washingis one way of achieving physical cleanliness, usually withwaterand often some kind ofsoapordetergent. Procedures of cleanliness are of utmost imp ortance in many forms of manufacturing. As an statement of moral superiority or respectability, cleanliness has played a role in establishing cultural values in relation tosocial class,humanitarianism, andcultural imperialism.

Extreme Nationalism

entire Nationalism. Objective The objective of my essay is to let you know what were the main causes of World contend 2, focusing in extreme nationalism and letting you know my opinion about it. Introduction The Second World War was a global deviation that resulted in more deaths than any other war. It started in 1939 and concluded in 1945. A lot of World Nations were involved including the Great Powers. There are some(prenominal) causes that led to the Second World War here I mention the main wizards * A worldwide depression. derived from the Great Depression, the world was suffering of extreme inflation, mettlesome prices and very low wages. People suffered despair and had no hope for the future and unemployment was very high. * Problems left from The First World War. The German people were very discontented about the treaty and thought that it was too sever to them. Ger numerous could not afford to pay the money and during the 1920s the people in Germany were very poor bec ause in that location were not many jobs and the price of food and basic goods was high.People were dissatisfied with the government and voted to power a man, Adolf Hitler, who promised to rip up the Treaty of Versailles. * The rise of Dictators. Nations like Germany, Italy, and lacquer came under the rule of dictators or military leaders. A dictator named Mussolini took power in Italy in 1922. Military leaders took control of Japan in the earlyish 1930s. In Germany, Adolf Hitler, leader of the Nazi Party, gained power in 1933. These leaders promised to restore their countries. Hitler began to arm Germany for war. Japan invaded China.Mussolini sent Italian troops to conquer Ethiopia, in Africa. And the group discussion of Nations failed or did nothing to stop them. * Ideologies. Some ideologies doctrines and philosophies like totalitariansm, fascism, imperialism, militarism, racism and extreme nationalism affected too. The one Im focusing is extreme nationalism. Extreme Nationa lism. Many countries were left out of the Treaty of Versailles or didnt receive a large enough piece of the Treaty pie. This led to self fill within countries to prove their power and ability to rules as top leaders.One of the most common examples was The German Workers party, more commonly known as the Nazis. They grew and expanded from one single catalytic seed into a blooming party. Nationalism was in the minds of Germans after the end World War 1, budding and taking nutriment from the steely resentment that covered German opinions. It was from the common ground of extreme nationalism that the Nazis were able to build their empire. The party started out as the Free Committee for a German Workers Peace in 1918.The party was built under opposition of the Treaty of Versailles, anti-Semitic, anti-Monarchist, anti-Marxist opinions and the solid belief that German nationalists were a superior race. It demanded that people should be absolutely loyal to the nation and support its foreig n expansion. It emphasized national glory. It was from the basis of extreme nationalism that the Nazis were able to be a factor in the causes of WWII. Nationalism is defined as 1. Devotion to the interests or culture of ones nation. 2.The belief that nations will benefit from acting independently quite a than collectively, emphasizing national rather than international goals. 3. Aspirations for national independence in a country under foreign domination. Personal Opinion. About nationalism I think eachwhere you bearing you can find tiny hints of nationalism somewhere. Personally I think that nationalism is opinionated. And in my opinion I think that nationalism can progress to false enemies and starts riots in many areas of the world. A negative effect to me, are people who take nationalism to the extreme.Some of these extremists protest against churches of different religions just because of their beliefs. For example, Hitler singled out every Jew just because they werent Chris tian. Some neo-Nazi groups today believe in white power. They protest against all the time, and it disrupts the peace in some places and creates large disputes in many areas. Aide Thamara Mendoza 50L Another extreme effect of nationalism, are the people who literally kill just because of what they believe in. For example, Iraqi nationals yelled ALLAH right before they dictated off a suicide bomb on American soldier. Also, some even sneak onto planes with bombs and timers strapped to their chests knowing that theyre killing many people for their beliefs. I think that their theory is bizarre and unnecessary. These methods create large confrontation between countries, which is obviously bad. I mean, I find nothing wrong in having a slight nationalistic feeling that doesnt hurt anyone just because your lack of tolerance doesnt let you assimilate that they are different than you and theres nothing wrong with it.

Introduction of the Working Process of Sand Production Line

Thus , according to Henna Machinery Co. , Ltd. To develop much needful gravel industry , saw the opportunity , vigorously develop innovation and mining machinery and equipment upgrades . Henna Machinery Co. , Ltd. screwing offer to develop a variety of stone professionalduction line according to customer requirements for technology detailed stone and construction sand , stone crusher , Henna Machinery Co. Ltd. O develop a senior high degree of automation production lines , large crushing ratio , high production efficiency, capacity large, finished the broken product without internal cracks , high compressive strength , in addition to equipment maintenance simplicity , the pic of seniors to improve the current international high- strength wear-resistant materials , low loss and long service life , nominate bring considerable economic benefits to customers .Construction of buildings need a lot of sand , but the sand Is not the same quality requirements , coloured sand and natu ral and analogy, rough appearance and shape is the main rest between bad . Rough appearance and shape of the less round, pouring concrete for the activity caused indecent effects , such activity will result in poor open areas free of concrete being produced , it can be said sand maker directly affect the quality of the throw off . Therefore, the quality of the pros and cons of artificial sand should be in general in rough shape and the appearance of circularity , In addition , artificial sand produced raw materials . S well as other artificial material limitations are caused by the manufacturing industry will need to take it seriously and construction companies veneer problems. Scientific management, advanced processing technology and innovative manufacturing theory make Foote Heavy Machinery become the merchandise base of mobile crusher plant, wheel mobile Jaw crusher and famous grinding equipment In China. What Honoring has through with(p) is for the clients and we believe that quality Is the best way to develop market.Artificial sand looks rough and circularity poor , mainly determined by the production equipment. Look from the perspective of industry associations , artificial sand production as springing with the herd instinct of the phenomenon , and more practitioners lack of expertise , coupled with the technology behind sand make equipment sector produced only the interests of suppliers , appearing on the market a lot of poor quality and gullible equipment , to the healthy development of the cause of the artificial sand brought severe consequences.Lu , president of those known to conquer the ball , whether to do anything for a class of companies said the accused , he said, those companies producing equipment production efficiency is low, and capital aspiration is amazing , is not mature production equipment. Therefore, any investment has risks , artificial sand is no excommunication investment , investors need to pay attention to , in additi on to market demand and prospects , but similarly need to be there really enough expert advice.At present , China has some of the artificial sand equipment conduct of investment business prenatal training and after-sales service , to develop Henna Foote Machinery Co. , Ltd. On behalf of Chinas artificial sand equipment production enterprise technologies level. Mobile quarry plant http// www. Chinatown. Com/pro/pap. HTML

Porn Addiction: Causes And Effects Essay

Porn dependence is one and only(a) of the live problems brought about by the advancement in the in designation technology sector. Like other habituations, addiction to lampblack exhibits some common signs and follow a similar pattern as other addiction to substances and drugs. dependency to lampblack support be seen when one spends more(prenominal) prison term engrossed with a vulgarismographic worldly to a point of neglecting important masses like family or friends. After these moments, the person may in like manner exhibit mixed feelings of well being and guilt because they have to lie about the clipping theyve fatigued looking at or reading the corporeal (Help Guide).The addict may likewise exhibit solicitude and depression when unable to access the bodily or baron familiarly be irritable when their time to find complete sexual pleasure is interrupted or shortened. At times when the addiction becomes in like manner serious the addict may be hardships at the wo rk place or in cultivate because of frustration or may start misusing money by buying more filth materials or gambling and further much worse start engaging in flings with un cognise people to requite new sexual fantasies.(Help guide) lampblack in the current age has become harder to control and hard to censure. The meshwork which is relied upon by millions of people for in bring ination and telecommunications has played a big role in spreading dirty wordography to people of all ages. Given its simple accessibility and fairly liberal use in some(prenominal) countries, any person with the knowledge of using a computer can access pornographic material on the network at any time.According researchers to profit pornography is the new crack cocaine, subject matter that it is a highly addictive intimationing to undesirable characters such as, misogyny, pedophilia, boob jobs and erectile dysfunction, Singel (2004). The position that the internet allows one to access numerous sit es anonymously makes it ideal for porn viewing to become a habit. To make it worse til now children as young as 7 yrs old have been known to access porn from the internet.Pornography is hard to delete from the mind one an addiction sets in. compargond to cocaine addicts, the porn addict has a difficult time recovering from their addiction than cocaine addict since coke users can get the drug out of their system, but pornographic images stay in the brain forever because the chemicals released in the body are what heroin and other substance users really aim for but never execute thus it is hard for anyone who is an addict to ever fully recover (Singel, 2004).The internet presents the largest challenge in the argue against porn and addictions. About 5 years ago over 1. 3 million porn sites and more than 260 million pages, making it one of the most profitable industries in the United States. In 2006 the industry raked 13. 3 billion dollars in the United States alone and more than 97 million dollars in the web. According to statistics form the internet filter review more than 72 million users accessed adult sites each month (Statistics on pornography).According to Statistics from Divorcewizards. com At a 2003 meeting of the American Academy of Matrimonial Lawyers, two thirds of the 350 divorce lawyers who go to , had been divorced and they blamed the internet as a major cause of break in the brotherhood among the cases they pointed out, porn contributed to more than half of the reasons given. (Statistics on pornography).Other effects the computer had on the individual were wrist bone syndrome and dry eyes especially those who access porn on the internet while seated headaches and residue disturbance eating irregularities among other issues. The underlying causes for the development of addiction could be mental illness human relationship problems and /or substance abuse. According to experts thither was a big connection amongst people who utilize substance s and hard drugs and porn addiction.In other instances such as the church, many pastors admitted that they had either been tempted or had in truth been accessing porn thorough the net even when they knew this was a sin. They also admitted that pornography was always an issue when it came to the plica and the clergy alike such that a survey revealed that more than 30% of the clergy men in the past 8 years have visited the pornographic sites in and majority of them a couple of times.( Statistics on pornography) It was also observed according to Focus on the Family Poll carried out in October 2003, that at least 47% part of families indicated that they hard experienced problems at home because of pornography especially with the children and adolescents. According to London school of economics, children who were aged(a) between the ages 8 to16 were much more likely to have viewed pornography within their home setting.This was back up by figures which bear witnessed that 9 out of 10 children within the specified age bracket had accidentally viewed porn on the internet in computers they use at home together with their families. Also important is the fact that 1 out of every 7 children who frequently used the internet had been sexually solicited a realisation that sex predators had started using the internet to lure kids. Indeed, according to the journal of Adolescent health 76% of victims in the internet initiated sexual exploitation case fell between the ages 13 to 15 and mostly girls.In most of these cases the children were led into sexual encounters which were mostly forced. The coarse language and sexually overt material that the internet and other media, displayed became a matter of c at oncern for the government in 1996 where the United states department of justice observe the Never before in the history of telecommunications media in the United States has so much indecent (and obscene) material been so easily accessible by so many minors in so many American homes with so few restrictions(statistics on pornography). A leading psychologist Dr.James dobson fly explains that pornography addiction causes a person to become desensitized to the material, making one develop boredom or lack of elicit in what was once appealing. This is also followed by fantastic imaginations of the victim playing variant roles in different scenes begins to treat serious relationships casually and shows solitary tendency preferring to spend a lot of time privately. Dr. Dobson demonstrates how porn addicts unable to be satisfied by their partners decide to stress their fantasies and this leads to serious problems in marriage and even divorce.Cyber sex seems to have publicationn the place of relational sex because in majority of the patients he was attending to, 68 % had been hooked up to cyber sex did not have relational sex. Usually, as was testified by some of his patients, the individual beginning the habit does not realize its an addiction unt il they try to control and they cant. The thing becomes bigger than the individual hence it alienates him from his family and friends. (Gabriel Lefrancois, 2008). Defenders of pornography have put forward arguments that pornography in itself is not harmful, and therefore Banning or regulating it is unfair.Basing their argument on the Presidential counsel on Obscenity and Pornography, 1970, they reject the apparent relationship between exposure pornographic material and the resulting behavior. notwithstanding over the years many researches have conclusively shown there is a significant relationship between conditioning and human behavior. Psychologists at the Wisconsin University found that brief exposure to violent forms of pornography can lead to anti-social attitudes and behavior. Male viewers tend to be more aggressive towards women, less responsive to pain and piteous of disgrace victims, and more willing to accept various myths about rape.The psychologists showed that cont inued exposure to such materials made people insensitive to rape as a criminal offense thereby ever-changing their attitude attitudes toward women in particular the way they viewed and treated women (Documented Effects of Porn). In addition, increased exposure to the materials also created an unusual desire for violent sex, conflict and suffering deviant behavior like abuse as well as molestation and pedophilias. Sociologists such as Murray Straus and Larry Baron of University of New Hampshire found out that rape increased exponentially with rates of high sales of sexually laden magazines.This was also confirmed by experiments carried out to show that exposure to violent and no violent pornography over some time yielded different results. Exposure to non- violent pornography made the subjects in the research very accommodating and accord of women and they tended to be much gentler with them, however exposure to violent pornography gave the opposite results proving that exposure to violent pornography, even after provocation , produced essentially no antiwoman aggression, fantasies, or attitudes( American Psychological Association).A University of Texas Professor Robert Jensen in 2008, showed how attitudes uttered in porn spread from the California valley where the porn films were made to the bedrooms of real people in real places, Jensen explained how this permeating effect of pornography was harmful due to racial undertones it carried which to a big extent have continued to a main feature of television programs. He argued that porn expressed the desire by woman to be mistreated and the right of men to do so.He in conclusion conclude that in order to tackle individual and societal harms produced by porn, we must acknowledge a moral quality to our relationships with one another and must come to a consensus on what the limits of the sexual experience are. (Kalloch Andrew, 2009) Pornography is very much in the public domain. In the US for instance, almost all theatres show x- rated films almost every book or video store offer porn materials and most of the movies shown on box office which have sexually exploitive material rake in about 50 million dollars each year.Pamela Paul, a writer notes that often pornography use ruins relationships, increases sexual dysfunction, and changes what men predict from women. She reveals how a person who thinks it is harmless, found out that the moment they got used to pornography, their sex lives changed. They disordered the human form of sex and adopted the computerized one. She explains how before the advent of the internet men and women alike used to see porn from time to time but the internet has made it so easy and so harmless that one cannot see when they are slipping in to addiction until it is too late.I fact most of them are usually happy and in complete denial that they are addicted until their marriages or jobs are lost (Paul Pamela, 2005) Though it is evident that the causes of porn addicti on may be very few and subtle. The fact that we intrust on the internet to communicate and do most of our work puts us in the direct seam of pornographic materials available. It is only our curiosity which separates us from clicking the button and accessing millions of materials filled with porn.Like some of the critics have shown, it might be very hard to take the experiments by the psychologists as conclusive because they do not take into account the fact that addicts seek out porn materials by themselves even before the addiction actually sets in and therefore the action by the psychologists in the experiments to give or expose the subjects to pornographic materials in order to observe change in behavior is absurd. The part which makes porn addictive is when it is sought by the person themselves.This trains and conditions the mind such that the body is always guided by the mind to imagine and seek the object of imagination as opposed to merely being given a specific material. E xplaining further, there are other sexually stimulating materials which may not be considered stimulating in the general sense of the word for instance wearing boots or uniform of a certain kind. They may be appealing to some people and not elicit any feeling in others.It is therefore the tariff of the individual to make a choice of weather to avoid visiting porn websites all together in order to have a healthy relationship or to pop in once in a while and risk getting addicted. The choice is yours. References A Help Guide Internet porn and cyber sex addiction http//www. helpguide. org/mental/internet_cybersex_addiction. htm Accessed twenty-fourth April 2009 Documented effects of pornography http//www. forerunner. com/forerunner/X0388_Effects_of_Pornograp.hypertext markup language Accessed 24th April 2009 Kalloch Andrews (2009) Texas professor decries porn permeating media Harvard law record http//media. www. hlrecord. org/media/storage/paper609/news/2009/04/16/ intelligence operat ion/Texas. Prof. Decries. Porns. Permeating. Effect-3712817. shtml Accessed 24th April 2009 Lefrancois Gabriel (2008) Online porn addiction, Hitched Magazine Online http//www. hitchedmag. com/article. php? id=134 Accessed 24 April 2009 Paul, Pamela (2005) How porn destroys lives, belief net 2005 http//www. beliefnet.com/News/2005/10/How-Porn-Destroys-Lives. aspx Accessed 24th April 2009 Ryan Singel, (2004), Internet porn, worse than crack? http//www. wired. com/science/discoveries/news/2004/11/65772 Accessed 24th April 2009 Statistics on Pornography, sexual addiction and online perpetrators, http//www. safefamilies. org/sfStats. php Accessed 24th April 2009 Studies on effects of pornography, Data from PsycLIT Database American Psychological Association. http//www. netspeed. com. au/ttguy/refs2. htm Accessed 24th April 2009

Do Auditors Need to Have in-Depth Knowledge of Information Technology Essay

Yes, butt jointvassors need to have in-depth knowledge of nurture engine room. Networks and computers utter the most tuition needed for analyseing to work. For it to be effective, attenders have to design the computer as an size uping tool, audit automated arrangements and information, and understand the business purposes for the systems and the situation in which the systems operate. The other authorized uses for networks and computers by auditors ar in audit administration.By pursuing newly uses for computers and communications, auditors can direct their activities more effectively and improve their learning to followup systems information. Automated tools give auditors the chance to increase individual productivity and audit drop dead. The development of auditing in the fast growth of technology, which directly contri entirelyes to information technology auditing, internal contain standards and guidelines explained by Yang (2004). Technology, electronic data b ear upon, and information system have altered the way presidencys handle its business, endorsing operational efficiency and assist decision-making.American Institute of Certified Public Accountants (AICPA) and the Information Systems Audit and Control Association (ISACA), have provided standards to allow and deliver required guidance to auditors. In SAS No. 48, the effects of computer impact on the examination of pecuniary statements, explained and suggested auditors to consider the methods of computer data processing and other important factors such as planning and supervision, canvas and judgment of internal control, evidential matter, systematic review procedures, and requirements of the audit team.It excessively underlined the individual characteristics of information technology systems that should be measured by the auditor when directing the assessment process. In SAS No. 94 recognized the types of systems, controls and evidence auditors confront. The author also explai ns the Statement Of Information System Auditing (SISA), which express the needed requirements for information system auditing and reporting Tucker (2001).Staciokas (2005) have directed to understand internal audit functions, search effect of information technology and analyze advantages of internal audit in the organizational governance. Also did interrogation on the commentary of internal audit has continually traded and revised over the past few decades, and are still faced with certain issues understanding of internal audit function and it position within the organization.At the time the function of internal audit includes the internal control effectiveness, assistance to external auditors, or fraud investigations, but also identification of organizational risks, discussions to the senior management on risk management, develop improvement or world(a) operations. Ruud (2001) explains, it is important to understand needs and expectations of internal and external decision makers towards internal audit function but also explained that there is some problem faced by internal audit being as an important part of organization.Auditors assisted by information technology based application Computer assisted Audit Tools increased effectiveness of internal audit in the organization. The author has underlined the purpose of internal audit function is to monitor, evaluate and improve risk management, controls, and governance process, but has not provided enough analysis on how different corporate governances approaches can influence internal audit process in the organization.Coderee (1993) has explained how computer assisted audit tools and techniques (CAATT) based programs can automate certain audit function in the organization. The benefits of CAATT is it can be used to increase audit coverage, improve the combination of audit skills, increase independence of auditing from information system functions, and adopt greater reliability and increase cost effectiveness th rough the patterned advance of reusable computerized techniques. The author demonstrates and suggests how automated tools and techniques have improved the value, efficiency, and effectiveness of audit.This has been stated in internal control over hazardous material where the critical audits objective was to review controls over the procurement, distribution, retention, and establishment of hazardous materials. But another standpoint, the author gives an example of workforce reduction program where CAATT used to review the efficiency and effectiveness of this program, personnel information system, and payroll system, the audit was successfully provides senior management with an assessment of the effectiveness of the program.Also how auditor inspected the controls over the closure process of a production plant. In mavin situation, an audit team helps the organization to determine whether equipment and inventory items were sold at an appropriate price, and properly safeguarded to rule out theft or loss. The CAATT developed for this closure were successfully used and reduced timing of the planning point generally by more than 50%. And determine the benefits and effectiveness of CAATT in automating audit functions in the organization and allowed improvement of efficiency and effectiveness of auditing process be established.But the author has not provided any research survey and reports to support and justify his statements. The analysis of how CAATT automating of audit function are only based on survey and suggestion of unverifiable sources. As audit tools are growing more powerful and sophisticated, they are also becoming easier to learn and use but they also have to adapt into a herculean and always changing environment. Types of audit software can easily clash with features of other software on the network or computer, and must be thoroughly managed.As tools become more influential, auditors may use features or services provided in the software that comma nd large amounts of system resources such as processing cycles, communication bandwidth, and storage, and to compete with other users of those resources. One good example, an auditor can request access to a file with a program that forget scan each record in the file and can lock other users out until the process is complete. The processing could also require large amounts of network storage space at a time when it is in short supply and could cause a emcee to crash.It is important to schedule this kind of processing at times when other system users will not be behind or stop them from performing their work. Instead, many audit organizations perform their audit analyses using files copied or archived from the live production files. It is important to understand there is no general model for technology tools appropriate to all organizations. It is also important to understand the increasing dependence on technology to follow through or support almost all auditing activities.Techn ology topics make up an increasing percentage of the auditors professional knowledge and skills set. While technology background is important in understanding new developments and directions, it is important to continue obtaining new knowledge. Effective use of audit technology tools is important to the achievement of audit activity, but is only a step toward understanding the changes technology in business and the auditing profession. Developing technologies will continuously change the shape of and approach to business controls, and audit approaches and techniques must change appropriately.Another important role for auditors and the auditing profession, is to reassure and support the efforts of providers of systems and new technologies to boost the built-in monitoring and assurance features of systems without considering them as processing overhead or as essentials that contribute to decreased performance. An important role for auditors is just to understand and change with the te chnologies, but to also explain the effects of this changes to others that are being effect by this.

Explain the process by which democracy was accepted as a valid form of government Essay

Democracy denotes to a authorities by the people. The name comes from the Grecian and means reign by the people. Democracy is government by the majority of the people, or majority rule. It differs from monarchy (rule by whiz), aristocracy (rule by the best, or nobles), and oligarchy (rule by a a couple of(prenominal)).Democracy has three different related meanings (1) a chance variable of government in which those who control the government ar elected by the people and are responsible, or answerable, for their actions to the people (2) a form of friendship in which there is no privileged class and in which individuals may rise by major effect to positions of power and influence and (3) an fancyl or way of life that stresses equality, liberty, individual rights, tolerance, freedom of discussion, and compromise. Most democracies are republics, in which the people elect the head of the state.A monarchy with a hereditary king or fag may also be democratic. In Great Britain, for example, is a democracy in the form of a limited monarchy. Some countries that call themselves republics are not democracies. A country with a republican personality may be a dictatorship in which government is under the complete control of one person. On the other hand, republic is a country in which both the head of the state and the members of the legislative assembly are elected directly or indirectly by the people.Most of the nations of the world today, including the United States and the Soviet Union, are republics. The rest, in most instances, are monarchies, in which the head of the state (a king, queen, or prince) comes into office with inheritance. The term republic and government are sometimes confused. Republic means a constitutional form of government under which the head of the state is elected, either by direct popular vote or indirectly through elected representatives.In addition, social contract denotes to human race originally lived in a state of nature, in w hich people enjoyed complete freedom, with no laws and no government. Without constraints on their activities, however, people were perpetually fighting among themselves, and the safety of each individual was endangered. To ensure their survival, people eventually made an agreement called a social contract, to establish a system a law and order. On the other hand, balance of power is relatively equal distribution of economic and military strength among rival countries or groups countries.For 400 years, the countries of europium devoted much of their diplomatic and military effort to creating or maintaining such a balance. Their object was to clog any single nation or group of nations from becoming powerful enough to dominate the continent. The idea of maintaining power equilibrium became an important influence in European politics in the 16th century. An corking example of balance-of-power politics occurred in the Thirty Years War (1618-48). Furthermore, Republican caller is on e of the two major political parties in the United States.Since the time of the Taft administration (1909-13) it has generally been regarded as more right than the other major party, the Democratic. However, this difference between the two parties has not always been sharp, as the Republican caller initiated or supported progressive legislation. Also, the Republican Party, like the Democratic, has both liberal and conservative factions. Nonetheless, the Republican Party is generally associated with the interests of business, the wealthy and propertied, and those opposed to the ideas of the welfare state and a big government.

Philips Kotler Marketing Management Essay

Analyzing Consumer MarketsSince market starts from the guest, it is of primary importance to understand the psyche of the customers and their buying motives. This chapter talks about the various behavioural patterns that arrange the decision making process of a customer. A marketer get hold ofs to understand these factors affecting the customers purchase decisions so as to design an appropriate marketing strategy.Factors affecting Consumer Buying demeanour1. Cultural Factorsa. Culture Frames traditions, values, perceptions, preferences. E.g. Child learning from family & surroundings.b. Sub-culture Provides more specific identification and socialization. Include nationalities, religions, racial groups and geographic regions. c. Social Class Homogeneous and enduring divisions in a society which are hierarchically ordered. Members partake similar tastes and behaviour. 2. Social Factorsa. Reference Groups Have direct or indirect influence on persons attitude and behaviour. Pr imary groups regular interaction, e.g. family, friends, neighbours. Secondary groups religious, professional, trade union groups. Aspirational Groups ones that a person hopes to join. divisible groups whose values or behaviour and individual rejects.b. Family Family of orientation parents and siblings. Acquires orientationtowards religion, politics and economics, sense of personal ambition, self-importance worth and love. Family of procreation spouse and children. More direct influence on buying behaviour.c. character references and Status Role consists of activities a person is expected to perform. Each role carries a position. Marketers must be aware of the status symbol of each product.Chapter 6 Analyzing Consumer Markets3. Personal Factorsa. Age and Stage in the Life Cycle Tastes are age related. Markets should also consider critical life events or transitions.b. Occupation and frugal Circumstances Economic Circumstances like spendable in incur, savings, assets, debts, borrowing power etc affect consumption patterns.c. Personality and Self model Personality, set of distinguishing characteristics that influence his/her buying behaviour. Consumers match brand personality with their ideal self concept preferably of their actual self concept.d. Lifestyle and Values4. Psychological Factorsa. Motivation Freuds theory of id, ego and first-rate ego Maslows need hierarchy theory Herzbergs two factor model.b. Perception carry out by which we select, organize and interpret tuition inputs. In marketing, perceptions are more important than reality. c. Learning Induces changes in behaviour arising from experience. Marketers can build demand by associating the product with positive drives. d. Memory Short terminal and long term memory. Build brand knowledge and brand recall as node in memory.ProblemRecognitonInformationSearchEvaluation ofAlternativesPurchaseDecisionPostpurchase doingsThe Buying Decision executeProblem Recognition Customer recognises a need triggered by internal or external stimuli. Marketers need to identify circumstances that trigger needs.Information Search Two levels of involvement Heightened attention when person becomes more receptive to information about the product. At next level consumer may enter into active information search, looking for reading material, phoning friends etc.Evaluation of Alternatives Factors influencing a particular choice over the other embarrass attitudes, beliefs and expectancy value.Purchase Decision Between purchase intention and purchase decision, 2 intervening factors come into play- Attitudes of others and Unanticipated situational factors. Marketers should understand that these factors provokerisk and should provide information to reduce it.Post purchase Behaviour Marketers must monitor postpurchase satisfaction, postpurchase actions, and postpurchase product uses.Chapter 6 Analyzing Consumer MarketsTrendsLevel of customer involvementInvolvementSignificant unimportant Differences in BrandsHighComplexBuyingBehaviourLowVariety SeekingDissonance reducing everyday1. Complex Buying Behaviour When a customer purchases something for the first time.2. Variety Seeking Consumers provide keep switching varieties just out of boredom. Eg- Biscuits. Marketer should keep introducing new products anddisplay the product prominently.3. Habitual Buying the same thing out of habit and not out of loyalty. Distribution network should be excellent in this show window. Maintain consistency in product and advertising.4. Dissonance Reducing In case of repeat purchase of same product.

Compare betwwen Virgin Atlantic and Ryanair Essay

Compare betwwen vestal Atlantic and Ryanair - Essay Example complete(a) Atlantic and Ryan Air deal ensured that all its employees enjoy their psychological necessitate while working for their respective organizations. Both companies offer their employees food, water, and engross in an environment where there clean supply of air. This makes it easy for the survival of their employees and there is little or no difference. The little difference is the fact that pure(a) cares more for the psychological needs of its employees compared to Ryan Air.They include needs for security and safety. Examples of security needs include desire for a steady employment, shelter from the employment, and health insurance. Virgin Atlantic and Ryan Air both offer insurance cover to all its employees to cover risks associated with their work. This is a slap-up decision for both companies because it gives employee a peace of mind that they are protected from risks. However, Virgin Atlantic offers a stea dy employment for its workers compared to Ryan Air and thus can be supported by the fact that Virgin values its employees just like its customers.They include needs for belonging, love, and affection (). They stem from relationships such as friendships, amative attachments, and family relationships. Employees get their social needs fulfilled when they get companionship and acceptance. Virgin Atlantic is considered as i of the best organizations one can work with because of there is greater fulfillment of social needs compared to Ryan Air. Virgin Atlantic has an organizational culture that promotes team work and this is a great source of companionship and acceptance. enjoy needs originate from the desire to get things that reflect personal worth and social recognition. Virgin Atlantic is a great brand in the airline industry and this gives its employees a lot of self esteem. This is ground on the fact that they are being associated with success and

Proposal of analyzing Hershey's stock price and this firm Essay

Proposal of analyzing Hersheys computer memory price and this firm - Essay ExampleUsing the results of the following report, my tribute will be to invest into the Hershey stocks, as the companionships performance in the industry is praiseworthy as well as its stocks performance. After thoroughly analyzing the stocks of Hershey go with, I would note that the alliance has a potential for a continued appreciation for the value of its stock price in the stock market. However, my analyst recommendation in overall would be a buy of the shares and not a hard purchse for the stocks of the company. The reason for this is due to the rapid increase in the companys share price and a relatively high P/E ratio. My recommendations based on my review of the companys pecuniary indicators, its opportunities for future branch and its comparison to the main competitors in the field (Fridson, Martin and Fernando 75). A detai take analysis that led to the drawing of my conclusion is as discussed in the report below. Brief description of Hershey Company The Hershey Chocolate Company is a US-based firm that is incorporated according to the laws of the State of Delaware. However, the company was founded in 1894 by Milton S. Hershey. Since that time, the company has remained as the leading manufacturer of chocolates and other sugary confectionaries, and has a marketing base of about 42.5% in atomic number 7 America. The company has several wholly-owned subsidiaries and entities to which it has a major controlling interest. This company is also the major and enormousst producer of high quality chocolate in North America and leads globally in chocolate and sugar confectionery production. The company functions as a single report fitted segment in the manufacture, marketing, sale and distribution of the products under mixed brand names. The company is founded on the basis and principles of re turning back to the community in which it operates in finished corporate social respon sibility (Brigham, Eugene and Michael 120). The amount of revenue that the company generates equals nearly to $6billion annually and has a new employment base of about 14,000 employees across all its subsidiaries. Over the forms, the company has portrayed consistency in its growth patterns both in terms of market share and the market holdings. It has accumulated a large amount of wealth which have seen it trade perfectly in the stock market. Through this, the company has been able to earn itself a positive image and reputation both nationally and internationally following the miscellaneous innovation programmes it has invested into. One such innovation programme is that of the Innovative Cocoa Link Mobile engineering science Programme that was so far expanded to Cote dIvoire in May 2013. However, the companys growth is expected to continue as a result of the announcement that it will price $250million, 2.625% notes by the year 2023. Recent developments in Hershey In the recent past, Hershey Co. has had several developments that have been witnessed through acquisitions of other small firms thus, turning them into its subsidiaries. For instance, in the year 1996, Hershey purchased the operations of America in Leaf Candy Company. In 1999, the company modify and divested its Pasta group into several equity partners in a bid to form the New population Pasta Co. currently known as Ebro Foods. In 2002, the public became aware of the intention of Hershey Trust tooshie that was seeking to sell its

The British Economy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

The British Economy - Essay ExampleEichengreen, B. (1995) produced that Britains sterling devaluations in 1949 were a prolongation of the effect of World War-II. After the war both Britain and Germany imposed exchange control. In 1949 Britain joined the NATO1, when it was a founding member of the UN. The most important significance of the year in populace politics was bristle of the CPG2 in China. Chinese Communist Leader Mao Zedong and Soviet President Joseph Stalin signed a Sino-Soviet agreement that endow with economic and military aid from the Soviet Union to the new state of communist. Simultaneously the Chinese Nationalists established a new regime in the island of Taiwan after defeated on mainland by the military forces of Communists. Britain was concerned in this region foe colonial economic interest with Hong Kong. 3Clement, P. (2006) mentioned that the labor movement Government was in the power at the period of devaluations in 1949 and endorsed a political agenda sec ure in collectivism such as nationalisation of industries and state tracked economy. Both wars had learnt the lesson of the potential benefits of greater state attachment. The post war economy emphasise the future direction and was by the Conservatives. Nevertheless, the initiatives of nationalisation were non successes due to lack of more degree of understandings the economic management emerged. The economy practiced theories of Keynes and sustained state involvement such as state direction rather than state ownership. Reason of 1949 DevaluationKaplan, J. J. and Schleiminger, G. (1989) added that both the creation wars had serious effect on the British Empire. The Indian liberty in 1947 has introduced decolonisation and the wave of independence followed in many countries of the British Empire. Colonies helped the British Empire in the wars with commitment of independence. British power was failed to endure the tide of independence that began within the Labour Government4 and su stained up to the Conservatives.5 With the exclusion of Suez Crisis, the Conservative government introduced a central feature of foreign policy expression with wind of change.Raghuram, G. R. and Zingales, L., (2003) and Schenk, C. R., (1994) agued that the breakdown of Empire, war expenditures and the material losings incurred in the both world wars had seriously injured the Britain economy. The prime effect was that British long-established markets were altering as Commonwealth states and finished mutual trade measures with regional countries other thence Britain. Secondly the preliminary growths do by Britain in the world economy were relatively turn down to repairing some of countries infrastructure was mischievously damaged in war. As well as they reclaimed a stake in world markets.6 Thirdly the British economy had shifted its structure to a service sector economy other then its industrial origins that caused some regions economically depressed. Finally part of political conse nsus supported

Operative Management Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

private detective Management - Term Paper ExampleRigsby and Guy Greco, 2003) Sam Walton, the founder of Wal- food market had a get ahead vision to establish Wal- Mart as the outperform retail store in the industry. The mission of Wal Mart was simple, easy to explain to those responsible for its achievement, and straightforward that left nothing to the imagination. The goal of the Sam was not the biggest retail merchant but the best retailer in the industry.Wal- Mart was equipped with certain basic values to realize its straightforward mission. These values are the ability to merchandise, creating innovative retailing ideas, best store operations, cost control, technologies, guest services, distribution, and establishing a culture as a retailer. The reason for such a phenomenal success as the best retailer in the word is to pursue the business with these pre-established values. Wal- Mart translated these values into its retail practices and achieved the best results.Wal- Mart ex ecuted its strategies by developing the skill of managers in areas of communication, motivating junior staff, team reading through training, establishing standards for customer service, and fixing responsibility and accountability.Wal- Mart used one of the basic theories of management called surmise of motivation. Theory of motivation seeks to persuade efforts from management to encourage employees. Sam Walton, the founder of Wal- Mart, used to pick up his stores and meet employees at different levels of activities. He used to carry a tape recorder and tough it as his tool of empowerment. He used to tape his conversations with employees and later listened to those recordings for devising means to perform motivation among his workforce. He was first in the industry to call his work as his associate. Addressing an employee as an associate of the management is enough to instill in employees a sense of responsibility at rack up with ownership.

Social Classes Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

neighborly Classes - Essay ExampleFor example great sociologist Dennis Wrong determines class in two ways - realist and nominalist. The realist definition relies on clear class boundaries to which people adhere in order to create brotherly groupings. They order themselves with a contingent class and interact mainly with people in this class. The nominalist definition of class focuses on the characteristics that people shargon in a given class - education, occupation, etc. Class is therefore unconquerable not by the group in which you place yourself or the people you interact with, but rather by these common characteristics (Kerbo, 1996, p. 56).The almost important class distinction amidst the two groups is power. The powerful render to cement their own positions in society and maintain their ranking above the powerless. In societies where classes exist, ones class is defined largely by occupation, education and qualifications, income, wealth, including the ownership of land , property, means of production, et cetera family background and aspirations.Such fluid notion as race can retain widely varying degrees of influence on class standing. Having characteristics of a contingent ethnic group may improve ones class status in many societies. However, what is considered racially outstanding in one society can often be exactly the opposite in another. In situations where such factors atomic number 18 an issue, a minority ethnicity has often been hidden, or discreetly ignored if the person in question has otherwise attained the requirements to be of a higher class. Ethnicity is still often the single most overarching issue of class status in some societies. Also we should make a distinction between causation and correlation when it comes to race and class. Many societies have a high correlation between particular classes and race, but this is not necessarily an indication that race is a factor in the determination of class. So the term race can be refere d to the concept of dividing people into populations or groups on the basis of motley sets of characteristics. Such visible traits as skin color, cranial or facial features and hair texture are the basis for the most widely used human racial categories (Kerbo, 1996, p. 69). Conceptions of race, as well as precise ways of grouping races, vary by culture and over time, and are often controversial for scientific as well as social and political reasons. Some scientists argue that although race is a sound taxonomic concept in other species, it cannot be applied to humans. Many scientists have argued that race definitions are imprecise, arbitrary, derived from custom, have many exceptions, have many gradations, and that the numbers of races delineated vary according to the culture qualification the racial distinctions thus they reject the notion that any definition of race pertaining to humans can have taxonomic rigour and validity. Today most scientists study human genotypic and phen otypic variation victimisation concepts such as population and clinal gradation. Many contend that while racial categorizations may be marked by phenotypic or genotypic traits, the idea of race itself, and actual divisions of persons into races, are social constructs.Speaking close the social structure of the United States we can take as an example the prototype of contemporary American societyUpper class Those with great influence, wealth and prestige. This class makes up about 1% of the population and owns about a third of private wealth. Upper middle class The